Are Video Games Good for Kids? Essay

Are video games bad for kids? Back in time in mid 90’s the best source of entertainment for kids was the television that have a great variety of cartoons for the kids to have good entertainment and learn good things. But now they have video games that right now are the top selling industry in the world according to Barbara Ortutay of MSNBC online â€Å"the selling of video games on July of this year went to $1. 19 billion with a 17 percent more than last year. But the only concern for the society is that kids are getting to much access to violent games and that makes the video games bad for them. As said by David Walsh, Ph. D. National Institute on Media and the Family he said in this report that â€Å"Children are more likely to imitate the actions of a character with whom they identify. In violent video games the player is often required to take the point of view of the shooter or perpetrator. Video games by their very nature require active participation rather than passive observation. Repetition increases learning. Video games involve a great deal of repetition. If the games are violent, then the effect is a behavioral rehearsal for violent activity. † He also said that â€Å"Exposure to violent games increases physiological arousal, increases aggressive thoughts, increases aggressive emotions and increases aggressive actions. † Video games should not be at the reach of any kid because more all less they all involve violence like for example Mario games that all of them involve killing enemies for success, or crash bandicoot that have the same type of game experience as Mario. Naturally there are always people that do not think the same way like ABC news. com that make a report of social critic Steven Johnson, author of the controversial new book, â€Å"Everything Bad Is Good for You. â€Å"he argues that video games — violent or not — are making children smarter. â€Å"You have to manage multiple objectives at the same time,† he said. â€Å"You have to manage all these different resources, and you have to make decisions every second of the game. † Video games typically require the player to complete a number of specific tasks to win. â€Å"Well we have to get the Jeep, we have to ride up a hill, kill the snipers, drive past the mountainside, go into another giant palace and activate the remote,† said one 10-year-old interviewed by ABC News while playing the Halo 2 video game, designed for the Microsoft Xbox gaming system. But children should not be exposed to that type of learning because they are going to be more aggressive and â€Å"less positive people toward life† according to David Walsh. ABC also site from Johnson that â€Å"Children who play such video games exhibit what experts call â€Å"fluid intelligence,† or problem solving. † â€Å"They have to discover the rules of the game and how to think strategically,† said James Paul Gee, a University of Wisconsin-Madison curriculum and instruction professor. â€Å"Like any problem solving that is good for your head, it makes you smarter. † â€Å"Intelligence test scores in the United States are rising faster than ever, experts say. One possible reason: Studies show video games make people more perceptive, training their brains to analyze things faster. † But the truth based on studies is that â€Å"Studies measuring cognitive responses to playing violent video games have shown that violent games increase aggressive thoughts. These findings have been found for males and females, children and adults, and in experimental and correlational studies. † Said David Walsh on his report. In conclusion violent video games should be restricted for kids in all the way possible because they will develop more aggressive actions, less caring and aggressive emotions in comparison with regular games that also have that responses and that also should be avoided for the raising of a kid. People can say that the help to problem solving and to fast response to other thing but the truth is that the make more damage than a helping. Works Cited Walsh, David. â€Å"Video Game Violence and Public Policy† culturalpolicy. edu. 2001. September 30, 2008. http://culturalpolicy. uchicago. edu/conf2001/papers/walsh. html. Ortutay, Barbara. â€Å"July video game sales jump 28 percent† MSNBC. com. August 14, 2008. September 30, 2008. http://www. msnbc. msn. com/id/26208654/ Argumentative essay Angel Bello 802-08-0724 October 1,2008.

Week paper study mode

This allows for real-time monitoring as well as report enervated analyses. However, there are a few cornerstone components that should be explored. The Manager, Agent, NIB, Probe, SNAP, and ROOM are probably the most valued components. Let us start with the Manager and Agent. These terms are very similar in concept to the client/server relationship. The Manager/Agent relationship is an asymmetric communication type that works in a way, much like a selectiveness. Take a look to the anaphoric (Figure 1). You can see how the manager acts as a client while the managed system acts as a server per SE.However, while animal, there is a difference from the client/server that should be noted when applying it to the Manager/Agent relationship. Where there typically is many clients to one server, there are many agent to one manager. (Clime 77) So now that we have that straightened out, let us look at each role a little closer. The Manager acts as the controller and reporter of the Network Manage ment System. It can physically be either an application or a user. Typically the manager is an application that monitors various devices also known as Network Elements, (NEST) on a network.Theses network elements managed by he manager are considered Agents. Agents respond back to requests from the manager for information. They send back vital information about the devices and the overall network to the manager. This is how the manager updates the data it can produce to be later analyzed by the Network Administrator or monitored in real-time. (Clime 77) If you look to the right (Figure 2), you can see an example of what the information might look like when reported back to the user. A Probe is the way the NIB retrieves the instances it stores.While the term probe may have many definitions, for our reposes, we will define it as: â€Å"A probe is a program or other device inserted at a key juncture in a network for the purpose of monitoring or collecting data about network activity. à ¢â‚¬  (â€Å"Probe†) So a probe can be used to gather information that will later be stored virtually in the NIB. A simple example of a probe is the very common â€Å"Ping† command. It sends out a packet to check for the existence of the EN on the Network. Next, let's look at one of the common protocols used in the Network Management System.Simple Network Management Protocol, commonly abbreviated as SNAP, is the rotator that enables a manager to communicate with the many agents on the network. SNAP operates on the application layer of the OSI model, due to it being a TCP/IP protocol. Every SNAP packet sent contains a community string a version number, and a command or response for the manager. (â€Å"Network Monitoring Sofa;are by Management Manager†) Finally, the last Common component to discuss is the ROOM. ROOM is short for remote monitoring. â€Å"ROOM is basically a special SNAP NIB that enables managers to delegate certain management tasks to so-called R OOM probes. (Clime 307) As you can tell, the ROOM utilizes and interacts with a few of the other key component ants already mentioned. Some of the ROOM probe functions are the ability to create dividing lines of certain thresholds for alerts or creating a probe to run hourly for status of a certain instance. In conclusion, the Network Management System is used to monitor and manage a network's stability and smooth operation. The Manager, Agent, NIB, SNAP, and ROOM are five of the main components to a MS. Through the utilization of these components, a Manager can interact with agents on the network.

Risk Assessment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Risk Assessment - Assignment Example Some of the many risks that are associated with information technology include, budgetary risk, program management risk, inventory risk, supply chain risk, investment risk, safety risk, legal liability risk, and security risk just to name a few. This paper will do a risk assessment of on a business scenario on citizen wellness proposed to a health care company. The paper will identify three threats and vulnerabilities that affect a citizen wellness program. Further, it will detail these threats and vulnerability extensively and how they apply to the business. Finally, the paper will specify countermeasures that the business can use to negate these threats and vulnerability. Specifically the paper will review the above through the following guidelines: NIST 800-30: Risk Management Guide for Information Technology Systems, NIST 800-53: Recommended Security Controls for Federal Information Systems and Organizations, NIST 800-39: Managing Risk from Information Systems: An Organizational Perspective and NIST 800-64: Security Considerations in the System Development Life Cycle. The background of the business scenario is as follows. A health care company would like to do a review on ACMEs security program, including its procedures, and security policies. The main aim for this review is to make sure that ACME Co. can provide an individualized citizen wellness programs to the health care company’s subscribers and that these customers can be authenticate whenever they desire to access the program. ACME Co. specializes in Web sites hosting both for public and private entities. An Information Technology manager of ACME Co. is assigned to work with the health care companys ISSO the idea being to create a detailed list of business needs for security for the health care company. The Chief Information Officer at ACME Co. also directs the IT manager to evaluate the existing ACME Co. enterprise architecture documents with the aim of identifying any additional

Sonny's Blues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sonny's Blues - Essay Example On the other hand, Sonny’s brother is an upright math teacher and a family man. Though, he always steers clear of trouble but feels trapped in Harlem and yet, chooses to remain passive about it. Sonny’s character depicts restlessness and even though Sonny’s brother too experiences that restlessness they both have different ways of exhibiting them and coping with such feelings. 2. What are the conflicts in the story (internal and external)? The entire story depicts various conflicts both the narrator and the protagonist face and eventually pave their paths in life. The conflicts that sonny and the narrator are constantly battling with are the feeling of being trapped in Harlem and their estranged relationship with each other. They both understand the problems they have faced throughout their lives, but due to the fact that none of them truly took the time to share and divulge their feelings to one another, none of them could truly understand each other. Moreover, Sonny’s older brother had taken up the responsibility of looking after his brother after his mother died but due to the way he turned out, the narrator was always suffering from this guilt.

The causes and effects of World War II Term Paper

The causes and effects of World War II - Term Paper Example Though many countries got involved in the war, the superpowers present then spearheaded the war. This led to the creation of the Allies forces on one side and the Axis forces on the other. The Allies group got made up of the United States of America, Great Britain, the Soviet Union, China and France. The Axis group, on the other hand, got made up of Germany, Japan and Italy (Torrin 32). Statistics claim that this war had the largest number of military personnel directly involved in the war, with over 100 million people serving in active combat out in the war front. In a bid to prove their supremacy and superiority over other powers, many nations involved in the war gave it their all in as far as their industrial, innovative, scientific and more importantly, economic abilities got concerned. This would later prove to be a lousy choice for many countries that had to build their countries from scratch after the war ended (Hamilton 77). This war became defined by an arms race which invol ves the use of sophisticated weapons and relatively new technologies of combat. Nuclear weapons became largely used by the feuding states and this led to the demise of more than 75 million people. This could explain why the Second World War gets viewed as the most brutal of combats in history (Senker 85). The occurrence of the war could almost be viewed as spontaneous. Though the world had been volatile since 1918 when the First World War ended, no one had the slightest idea that a war of such magnitude was going to erupt. This war, which dates back seventy three years ago, begun on the 1st of September, 1939 by the unexpected German invasion of Polish territory with no warning whatsoever. Within the next two days, that is, by the third day of September, Great Britain begun feuding with Germany (Vandome 61). A week hardly went by before the war became a bare knuckle fight, involving nations that included Canada, Australia, South Africa and New Zealand. The battle ground involved in this war was far reaching. From the Normandy Hedgerows to the Stalingrad streets, from the Pacific Islands to the wild jungle of Burma, from the dusty Libyan deserts to the Norwegian Ice Mountains, war was evident. The Germany raised their mighty hand against the Polish people. Italians fought against the Americans, and the Japanese rose against the Australians. The dynamics of this war got complicated. Historians say that this war got finally decided by the nuclear weapons race that later took center stage between these world powers (Senker 132). World War II had many different causes. One of the causes of World War II was the instability and the economic depression that affected many of the European and world super powers. The economic depression was a substantial causative factor of the war especially around 1929. It led to a state of disarray in Germany leading to massive unemployment and lack of income. The US refrained from lending money to Germany for reparations and began to demand their money back. America then went into isolation in a bid to protect its own economy and to avoid involvement in another European war that promised to be costly to its taxpayers. As a result, economic crisis griped the world and distrust began forming again (McBrewster 66). The German economy, which was a world leader, suffered severely. The economic meltdown created the perfect opportunity for the rise of dictators like Stalin, Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler, who were all prominent and revered in as far as the war gets concerned. The depression led a large number of the unemployed population to support these dictatorships as they got rewarded with adequate food supplies and a means of livelihood. In Germany especially, the depression that caused

MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION ERROR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION ERROR - Essay Example Active errors assume different forms including lapses; this involves failures in memory that prevents the planned actions from being implemented. Slips; this involves performing a familiar action in a wrong away. Mistakes; are refereed to as a trend of reasoning leading to wrong outcome of choices. Latent conditions refer to systemic properties that result to errors. They may include system interfaces and management practices. It is summarized by the descriptions of Don Berwick that â€Å"every system is perfectly designed to achieve exactly the results it gets.† The nature of today’s primary care and frenetic pace of management in care within medical practices have made the probabilities of errors to become great. The Robert Graham Policy Centre has come up with a patient safety model called â€Å"toxic cascades.† It describes how small unnoticed errors can add up to become torrents. Research studies on office-based errors in primary care have been found to be of different categories. It shows that communication problems results into 24% of the errors, 20% are caused by discontinuity of care, 13% are as a result of missing charts, 19% from lab results, 8% are caused by clinical mistake, 8% resulted from prescribing errors, and the other 8% by other errors. The study revealed that medical errors are by and large a result of latent conditions and not active failure as had been believed. The medical infrastructure has become fragile and the risk adverse outcomes has gone low, despite the fact that delayed care, patient dissatisfaction, and worsening illness are still very common concerns in medical practices. Studies on error in health care by the National Patient Safety Foundation (NPSF’s) have led to the conclusion that â€Å"the ambulatory inpatient dichotomy is a false one. We have to think about populations and their continuum of care.† (Brennan, 2000). Turnbull the executive director of NPSF’s has put

Investigate and describe two different information systems Essay

Investigate and describe two different information systems - Essay Example Speedy development in information technology has come in as an appropriate substitute for the increasing needs. This development encompasses communication technology, wide range of data processing and management systems and frameworks for enterprise and e-business system. This paper will therefore focus on a customer-operated point of sale system (POS) and mobile phone communication system. The paper will give a precise description for each information system concerning its application and key features. The abbreviations POS stands for point of sale, this term is common in retail outlets or stores that have automated their transactions. The system can also be applied in business environments that involve actual sales (Greiner, 2003). In order for a POS system to perform effectively, it requires appropriate software and hardware. The main components of a POS system include electronic cash register, receipt printers, barcode readers, display screen, scanners, display pole and touch screens. The systems are widely applied in many organization and businesses, which include casinos, hotels, stadiums, retail stores, gas stations, and personal service businesses. Input and output of a POS system depend on the function of the system. This indicates that there is a wide range of software and hardware depending on the different usage of a POS system. A checkout system is an example of a POS system. This system has display screens, data input devices such as keyboards, electronic cash register, photocell and conveyer belts as its major components or hardware. The system is common in large retail shops outlets such as the Wal-Mart Supermarket. This system enhances accuracy and efficiency in transactions within the store. The customer initiates the process by placing the goods they intend to purchase from the supermarket on the conveyor belt leading to the cashier (Moeller, 2009). The conveyer belts have photocells that monitor the movement of

Number 1A,1948 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Number 1A,1948 - Assignment Example This paper addresses art in the context of what the audience sees in art, the functions of art, and the broader meaning of art. An analysis of the painting named Number 1A, 1948 by Jackson Pollock will be very fundamental. In understanding the functions of art, we ought to analyze the thinking and intentions of the artists at the time of creating the art. We also need to consider the timing and the meaning that the audience derives from the piece of art. Otherwise, the society misunderstands art by taking art out of context. The institutional art concept asserts that an artist has the freedom to make art what they decide it to become since art relates to everything within an artistic context. Arguably, this assertion leads to complexities and uncertainties in defining the meaning and functions of art within the industry and outside the artistic context. For example, artists could not agree on whether the â€Å"drip† paintings by Jackson Pollock (American, 1912-1956) depict real art. Considering that, art has many benefits it worth seeking an understanding on the relationship between art, audience, artists, and they type of art. The meaning of art has evolved with time from the classical meaning, renaissance meaning, post-renaissance meaning, the early 20th century meaning, and postmodernism and the meaning of art. Indeed, the classical definition of art emanated from a Latin word that meant skill or craft, which defined the original meaning of artwork. However, the meaning of art evolved during the renaissance to the post-renaissance period that depicted a separation between fine art and other arts by the end of the 19th century.1 The new meaning of art manifested the moral standards in Europe at the time. The meaning of art during the early 20th century entailed the effects of Cubism that influenced the development of fine art. During this period, Picasso

Different Views on Organic Food Annotated Bibliography - 1

Different Views on Organic Food - Annotated Bibliography Example The department of agriculture in the US wanted to accept genetically engineered sugar seeds to be sold to farmers. There was the assertion that this decision will increase the risk of organic food being contaminated by genetically engineered materials. This has prompted a proposal to guard organic foods against genetically engineered seeds. Some people argued that genetically engineered foods do not co-exist with organic foods because these two methods of farming do not relate. However, it has been argued that genetically engineered foods contaminate organic foods through transfer of genetic materials via pollen grains, which in turn threaten organic foods. It is unclear to determine the health benefits of organic foods because they are believed to contain microbial bacteria that is found in organic fertilizer. These bacteria are risky to the health of a person. However, organic foods are not more contaminated like conventional foods because the use of synthetic fertilizers in conventional foods is very risky in that these fertilizers contain dangerous chemicals like phosphorous that affect human metabolism. As Dena et al argue, organic foods are safer and healthier than conventional foods since they contain more nutrients and are chemical free. Further, Dena et al  state that eating organic foods may decrease exposure to herbicide residues and pesticides resistant bacteria.

Was the modernist architect becoming too authoritarian and dogmatic Research Paper

Was the modernist architect becoming too authoritarian and dogmatic - Research Paper Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that architects in the 20th century chose to enhance authoritarian social relations, sought to enhance social control in general and their proportion of social change in specific, and embraced many dogmas to enhance their professional importance. While architecture must use advanced mathematics to construct a building, and certainly architecture is artistic insofar as it is representative of a society's preferences for spaces and is a statement of intent or design on the part of a person, architecture itself must be defined socially in a particular fashion. â€Å"[W]hat characterizes architecture today is its capacity to be studied as a system of significations that establishes different levels and layers of meanings and sense and constitutes one of the symbolic spheres instituted by society†. Hays argues that since 1968, architecture is a â€Å"technical-ideological practice†. As a consequence of this, Hays concludes that it is absurd to call any individual architect or even architecture as a whole â€Å"hermetic† or â€Å"elitist† or authoritarian because it is like calling rain wet: Architecture as an institution is a collective arranging of power as a technical-ideological collective. But architecture, unlike other areas where there is a monopoly of technical power being exerted, must be brought under special criticism because its designs move into the public realm. These are two immensely different concepts. To use a political analogy: Clearly, decisions must be made, but when those decisions are made by one person, it becomes authoritarian. The model of the architect as artist is thus structurally and intrinsically authoritarian, because the idea is that the architect's vision as to how to implement stakeholder needs is implemented and other people in the chain such as customers and workers are irrelevant. Each worker, each customer, each visitor, each policy-maker brings their own touc h to the art that is the final building, sometimes a vital one. The architect tries to form order out of chaos, a chaos that it assumes into existence but has no independent reality, just like all other authoritarians, and does so by trying to make it so that others in the process merely carry out orders and directives or by managing their perturbations and deviations from his ideal vision. Doesn't this mean all art is authoritarian? There is a truth to that, but the authoritarian nature of the self is also called â€Å"autonomy†. When a painter is authoritarian about their process, they are committing no great wrong. They are the only person directly involved, and a customer is free to accept or reject their painting. But architects are far from this. An architect will build public spaces that must be used by people who had no direct veto power or influence into the style being built. This becomes especially true when one considers the idea of artistic spaces being imposed u pon people because they are artistic, to enrich the philistine. This attitude is fundamentally elitist: If most people don't care about artistic spaces, then imposing that onto them is anti-democratic.

In Defense of Gun Control Laws Essay Example for Free

In Defense of Gun Control Laws Essay Guns have always been associated with crimes. The use of guns may either work in the positive or the negative way. On the positive side, it could help in deterring the proliferation of crimes. The mere use or presence of it is sufficient for other criminals to stop their criminal intents. However, this is just one way of looking at gun use and ownership. If guns could be used for combating crimes and criminals, it could also be used to the proliferation of criminal acts. Many evil minded people would utilize firearms in order to compel people to do as they desire—including unlawful acts. The mere presence of a gun is sufficient to threaten an individual and to put one’s life in danger. Any wrong move in using a loaded gun might be the end for another’s life. It is due to this reason that the ownership, possession and use thereof are strictly regulated by the state. For anti-gun control advocates, they feel the need for less strict regulations on gun control and ownership. They are advocating that the laws be relaxed and for the law makers that gun ownership is essential in fighting criminals and crimes. It serves as the ordinary man’s protection against abusive individuals. In this day and age, there so many crimes that are being committed and a great number of criminals causing chaos to society, thus, the need for greater protection against them. Such advocates also invoke that it is their constitutional to own guns. However, in a case decided last June 2008 by the United States Supreme Court, it was upheld that reasonable efforts under of controlling the proliferation of firearms on the hands of private individuals is allowed. The law enforcers and makers however should be guided that there should be no outright ban on handguns (Newsbatch, 2008). This ruling of the Supreme Court would indicate that ownership of guns is not only limited to the military but it also extends to ordinary individuals so long as there is proper regulation. Indeed there is nothing wrong in the ownership and possession of guns as long as there is proper regulation thereof of the enactment and recognition of gun control laws. Blackstone, a former US District Court Judge also shares the view that the public should not be prohibited of their right to bear arms. They should be accorded this right especially in a country where there is a vast militia power. The bearing of firearms is the security of the people against abuse and their mode of defending themselves. However, this should be done in moderation and should be properly regulated (Guncite, 2007). In opposition to the claim that the ownership and possession of guns help deter criminality in the country, this cannot hold to be always true. As previously indicates, the use of guns may work positively or negatively. Instead of stopping crimes, it could even be the means of committing thereof. According to the article of Deborah White (n. d. ), the United States has the highest number of private people owning guns. There are about 80 million Americans of 50 percent of the total homes which own 223 million of guns. Attached with this figure is the fact that more than 30, 000 men and women in the United States die each year due to gun shoot wounds, this is the highest homicide rate from guns around the world. Moreover, it should be noted that among the 30, 000 deaths indicated above, only 1, 500 of which are caused by accidental killings. This is a very alarming figure since it would imply that the high percentage gun ownership and gun shot related incidents have a positive relation. The more guns there are in the streets, the greater is the number of people dying with a bullet on their bodies. Policy Almanac (n. d. ) also reported that there has been a 173 percent increase from 1985 to 1993 and 126 percent from 1993 to 1999 in the number of homicides which are annually committed with the use of a firearm by persons who are between the ages 14 to 24. The figures should serve as a wake up call for law enforcers and remind them the need to properly regulate the ownership of guns and the use thereof. There should be more restrictive laws to be imposed by the state. Stricter measures could lead to lesser crime rate as well as crime related incidents. In order the address the issue on gun control, several laws were enacted federally and locally or by state. On the federal level, the first major mandate was enacted in 1934. Based on this initiative, the sale of machine guns and other fully automatic firearms will be regulated. Four years after such legislation, another law was passed requiring gun sellers to have a license. In addition, the law also prohibits the sale of guns to those who have been convicted of violent crimes. The next law which addressed the issue on gun ownership was passed in 1968. This law is the Gun Control Act of 1968. Based on the said law, imported guns are to be regulated and gun-licensing requirements will be increased. The list of people who should not own and should not be sold with firearms was extended to individuals who have been convicted with any form of non-business related crime, those who are incompetent mentally d those who have been using illegal drugs. After the said legislation, another federal law was again passed in 1986. Such mandate indicated mandatory penalties on the use of a gun to commit federal felonies. Included in the said law is the prohibition on the use of bullets which have the capacity to penetrate bulletproof apparel. Manufacture and importation of semi-automatic assault weapons were also banned in 1990 (Newsbatch, 2008). After the said law was promulgated by the Congress, another federal gun regulation was passed in 1994, the Brady Bill. The said bill is considered as the most comprehensive federal effort on gun control. Through this law, a five day waiting period is necessary before purchasers can have their guns. Such period would give the law enforcement agencies to investigate the background of the purchaser. However, this law did not last as it was declared by the Supreme Court to be an infringement on state’s rights. The law was re-drafted and provided that the conducting of background investigation will be accomplished through a national computer system. The provision on the five day waiting period was also removed. In terms of the state or local laws, there has been variance in the enactment of the laws. However, the common provisions include Child Access Prevention law or the prohibition on leaving a loaded weapon which could be easily accessed by a minor. Another is the concealed weapon law or the need to obtain a license which would allow one to carry a concealed weapon. Others include the following: regulation of private sale to minors, regulating all secondary market sales, ban on assault weapons and the one hand gun a month laws, among others. Despite these seemingly comprehensive laws, there is a need to impose stricter measures in order to regulate the ownership, use and possession of guns. Although it is recognized that there is a need for guns in the society, the continued sale thereof to private individuals and the growing number of people who own such should be carefully studied. Guns are very dangerous. It carries with it an authority which no other object could possess. The mere presence thereof is already a cause for alarm. People who have such may use it to protect themselves or to threaten other people. Given the extraordinary authority accorded to firearms, people who are not properly oriented with the use thereof may abuse such authority. Thus, there is a need to regulate the use, possession and ownership thereof to have proper guidance and to eliminate the bad effects thereof to the society. The authority that comes with any firearm carries with it the responsibility to utilize it only to purposes to which it was intended and not to create abuse. Despite the high funding that come from anti-gun control laws, politicians should comply with their basic responsibility to uphold the common good in the society. They should not be easily swayed by the sources of their funds during the last elections.

Motivational Impairment in Schizophrenia

Motivational Impairment in Schizophrenia ANTICIPATING PLEASURE AND EFFORT IN SCHIZOPHRENIA 1 Do People With Schizophrenia Have Difficulty Anticipating Pleasure, Engaging in Effortful Behavior, or Both? David E. Gard, Amy H. Sanchez, Kathryn Cooper, Melissa Fisher, Coleman Garrett, and Sophia Vinogradov Citation Gard, D. E., Sanchez, A. H., Cooper, K., Fisher, M., Garrett, C., Vinogradov, S. (2014, August 18). Do People With Schizophrenia Have Difficulty Anticipating Pleasure, Engaging in Effortful Behavior, or Both?. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. Advance online publication. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/abn0000005 Introduction The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of â€Å"motivational impairment† on the goal directed behavior of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia. This was accomplished by measuring the levels of pleasure (reward) and effortfulness in the activities and future goals of the subjects. These two factors were selected to be measured due to the fact that they are two of the component processes of motivation which has been proven by previous research to be affected by schizophrenia. Research has found inconsistencies in the assessment of pleasure and reward in schizophrenia patients. For instance, while Anhedonia has been frequently reported to be associated with schizophrenia (Herbener Harrow, 2002; see Gard et al., 2014), patients do not report a decrease in pleasure or positive stimuli (Cohen Minor, 2010; see Gard et al., 2014). These inconsistencies have been explained to be the result of clear-cut distinctions between the different temporal components associated with specific types of reward and pleasure. Schultz (2002) and Wise (2002) (as cited in Gard et al., 2014) have shown that there is a physiological difference in how anticipatory pleasure and consummatory (in-the moment) pleasure are processed in the brain. While consummatory pleasure involves serotonergic and opioid systems, anticipatory pleasure involves dopaminergic and mesolimbic projections (Schultz, 2002; Wise, 2002; see Gard et al., 2014). In another study conducted using an Ecological Mome ntary Assessment (EMA), participants with schizophrenia showed similar levels of consummatory pleasure, but depleted levels of anticipatory pleasure (Gard et al., 2007; see Gard et al., 2014). Consequently, pleasure was selected to be a dependent variable (DV) in this study. Individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia have reported difficulty in anticipating rewards (Buck Lysar, 2013; Gard et al., 2007; see Gard et al., 2014) as well as in processing rewards (Strauss, Waltz Gold 2008; see Gard et al., 2014). The link between reward and motivation has been established through the study conducted by Juckel et al. (2006) (as cited in Gard et al., 2014) which showed decreased ventral striatal activation during reward processing from individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia; decreased ventral striatal activation has been associated with anhedonia (Juckel et al., 2006; see Gard et al., 2014). This also relates reward to anticipatory pleasure. Research has indicated that patients with high negative symptoms of schizophrenia have difficulty assessing the effort required to accomplish a task which would provide a high reward (Gold et al., 2013; see Gard et al., 2014). Furthermore, in addition to difficulties assessing the effort involved, patients also appeared to have difficulty putting in the effort required to do a particular task. In relation to reward, Fervaha, Graff-Guerrero, et al. (2013) (as cited in Gard et al., 2014) showed that patients of schizophrenia only had problems when it came to the assessment of the effort involved to achieve a reward, and not when ascertaining the value of a reward. (Fervaha, Graff-Guerrero, et al. 2013; see Gard et al., 2014) In light of the aforementioned findings in past literature, the researchers came up with three assumptions, and the resulting research questions reflected them. The assumptions were that individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia would have: A deficit in anticipatory pleasure Difficulty in anticipating and processing rewards Difficulty assessing and expending the necessary effort required to accomplish a task Using these assumptions, the researchers of the present study came up with 5 research questions. The following has been taken from Gard et al. (2014) Compared with a socio-demographically matched group of healthy participants, do participants with schizophrenia demonstrate fewer daily activities and goals, decreased anticipatory pleasure for their upcoming goals, decreased pleasure-based goals, but intact in-the-moment pleasure? (Hypothesis) Do participants with schizophrenia pursue goals and activities that are less effortful than healthy comparison participants, and do they have difficulty assessing the effort of an upcoming goal? (Hypothesis) Do people with schizophrenia have difficulty completing their goals, and is this related to anticipation or experience of pleasure, or to how effortful the goal is? (Hypothesis) In people with schizophrenia, what is the relationship of anticipatory pleasure and effort exertion or assessment to: cognitive dysfunction, symptoms, and functioning? (Alternative Hypothesis) To what degree could group differences found in Questions 1– 4 be explained by any other non-diagnostic group differences? (Alternative Hypothesis) Participants The selection of participants differed between the experimental and control group. The subjects for the control group were selected through postings on the Internet and the distribution of flyers in the San Francisco Bay Area. Initially, forty-three individuals agreed to participate and signed the informed consent forms. However two of them dropped out; one, finding the study to be too much of a burden, dropped out on the first day, and the other failed to respond to even a third of the phone calls. The subjects for the experimental group were selected from outpatient clinics and day treatment centers in the Bay Area. Fifty patients of schizophrenia initially signed the informed consent forms but three decided to drop out; two dropped out even before the experiment started citing that it was too intrusive, and the other dropped out after two calls on the first day. All in all, the results of the study were formulated based on the results from forty-one subjects without schizophrenia and forty-seven subjects with either schizophrenia (n=31) and schizoaffective disorder (n=16). Diagnoses for the conditions were confirmed for all participants using the DSM-IV-TR. Strict exclusion criteria for the whole sample, and especially for the patient group, were established and implemented. Individuals who had had traumatic head injuries which leads to bouts of unconsciousness, had substance abuse problems in the last six months, mental disorders, or illiterate in English were all excluded. Patients who had been hospitalized in the last three months or had had their medication or dosage changed in the last month were also excluded from the study. Both groups were predominantly white males and had relatively no demographic differences between groups except for the symptoms for the disorder and employment rates. Only 17 percent of the individuals in the patient groups were employed full time or part time (4% and 13% respectively), compared to the 68 percent of full time and part time employees (24% and 44% respectively) in the control group. The experimenters did account for this discrepancy during the results phase. Method Four different types of assessments were used during this study, although the EMA remained the primary form of assessment of pleasure and effort. The Ecological Momentary Assessment is generally used in situations where specific activities and goals of the participants in a study need to be explicated. This study utilized a modified version of the EMA where cell phone calls were used instead of the traditional self-report forms, which were filled at particular intervals of time; cell phones were provided to every participant irrespective of who does or doesn’t own a cell phone. Trained research assistants called each participant four times every day, between 0900hrs and 2100hrs, for seven days to conduct a â€Å"semi-structured† interview. A majority of the questions were open ended and participants were encouraged to give detailed descriptions of their daily activities and goals. Some questions asked them how much pleasure/effort was associated with a particular task; their responses were rated on a Likert Scale (0 = not at all; 5 = extremely). The answers were categorized based on the research questions. Four independent raters then scored the pleasurability, effortfulness, difficulty, and etc†¦ of all the goals and activities reported by the participants on a 0-3 Likert Scale. A subset of participants with no demographic differences from the original sample was also tested to determine the difficulty of the tasks they attempted; also measured on a 0-5 Likert Scale. After the completion of the week of EMA, two independent research assistants travelled to the homes of the participants in order to determine the levels of stimulation and reward provided by the environment. Several subjects from the patient and control group (seven and nine respectively) decided to opt out from this stage of assessment citing different reasons. The levels of stimulation and reward were measured in terms of three elements; aesthetics of the home, availability of media, and social stimulation. These were measured using a combination of a modified version of the Environmental Assessment Scale (EASy) and the Home Observation for the Measurement of the Environment (HOME). Scores from each of the three elements as well as individual scores were averaged; the results had high inter-rater reliability. Two additional assessments were conducted on the patient group; they were tested for neurocognition, and were also clinically rated for functioning. During the former, 40 subjects with no demographic differences completed a Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (METRICS) Consensus Cognitive Battery. An overall average of their results was used for all the future analyses. During the latter, a Quality of Life Scale (QLS) was used to assess overall functioning of patients with respect to elements such as â€Å"social initiative† and â€Å"capacity for empathy†; â€Å"motivation† and â€Å"anhedonia† were not measured since they were already been used as DVs for the EMA. Procedure Rigorous pilot testing was carried before the actual experiment was conducted. Factors such as whether participants understand what the terms â€Å"activity† and â€Å"goals† meant in the context of the present study were determined during the piloting phase. After participants were selected, orientations on how to properly respond to an EMA during laboratory testing were conducted; they were subsequently required to provide written informed consent before going any further. Most of the basic questions that research assistants asked during the study were previously determined with respect to their effectiveness. Before they were provided a larger sample of the study to be rated, the coders were extensively trained for their task using a smaller subset of the original sample. When the results from the EMA were presented to the four independent raters, the responses from the experimental and control group were presented together in a randomized fashion. Attributes that were to be rated by the coders (such as pleasurable activities and effortful activities) were clearly defined within parameters. As previously mentioned, cell phones were provided to each participant to be used purely for the purposes of the study, and to be returned after its conclusion. The EMA and subsequent home assessments were recorded on audio for post hoc quality assessment. Monetary compensations were provided to every participant upon the completion of the whole study (marked by the returning of the cell phones) and for the completion of the several different assessments conducted during it; the amounts were different for each assessment. Data Analysis The independent variables (IVs) for all stages of assessment were individuals with schizophrenia and individuals without schizophrenia. The dependent variables (DVs), however, weren’t as consistent throughout the experiments, except for pleasure and effort. A number of other variables such as reward, difficulty, and sociability were also measured during the different stages of the study. The basic design of every experiment conducted in the study was to determine how the experimental group was different from the control group with respect to the numerous DVs they were being tested on. Two types of analyses were used to determine the statistical significance of the results obtained. The theoretical principles of these analyses are too convoluted to be properly explained, but for all intents and purposes, they seem to have been implemented correctly. Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) was used in EMA analyses. Its effectiveness comes from the fact that it can categorize data into separate levels so that analysis of data from one level wouldn’t influence others. The EMA data were separated into Level one data (the multiple observations of participants) and level two data (between group differences in terms of neurocognition and functioning). For each research question and assessment, separate analyses of variation (ANOVA) were computed and their significance determined. Significance levels obtained through the HLM were presented as â€Å"pseudo-r2†. Independent sample t tests were conducted on the results obtained during the home assessments. It was used to determine whether or not the average level of stimulation that was computed for the control and experimental group was significant, with respect to each of the three aforementioned elements they were being measured on. Furthermore, the significance for the results of all five of the research questions seems to involve computation of t tests. The p values for them varied from 0.5, 0.1, and 0.001. Limitations and Future Research Dr. Marvin Monroe, Department of Psychology, Springfield University Sir, As requested, I have reviewed the study about pleasure and effort in schizophrenia, and it has got a number of interesting findings. Analysis of the results revealed that subjects with schizophrenia indeed set less effortful goals and engaged in less effortful activities. They also found that patients had difficulty determining with accuracy how difficult or effortful a task was going to be (in terms of resultant rewards). However, unlike the two aforementioned findings which were within the researchers’ expected results, the final finding was not; it showed that patients with schizophrenia engaged in more pleasurable activities, and that they set goals that were, and also anticipated by them, to be more pleasurable. I also analyzed the study for potential limitations and further research areas. In terms of limitations, it had many. Employment differences between the two sample groups felt like a deal breaker; however, the researchers did not find any significant difference when they computed the study for employment differences. The researchers themselves pointed out many, if not most, of the limitations that I found in this study. They highlighted four of them in the discussions and gave possible reasons for their occurrence. The foremost limitation according to the researchers was the reason behind the unexpected result which disproved their hypothesis. According to them, the social interactions with the research assistants might have induced pleasurable feelings within some participants. Other limitations include them focusing solely on short-term goals, the relatively new use of home assessment as a tool for measuring motivation in schizophrenia patients (which they also pointed out as a fut ure research area), and the fact that some assessments used fewer number of participants than the actual sample group. The researchers reported that there are no data available on â€Å"the relationship between effort assessment and functioning† and the â€Å"assessment of effort in daily life in Schizophrenia†. Another key area of research could be why social interactions increased anticipatory pleasure in patients with schizophrenia. This study illustrates several different ways in which schizophrenia patients could increase their motivation about everyday activities and goals. It was a very fascinating read. Thank you for giving me the opportunity to review such a study. Sincerely, Ibrahim Fatheen Abdul Sameeu

Matters Of Fact Relations Of Ideas Philosophy Essay

Matters Of Fact Relations Of Ideas Philosophy Essay Humes fork has two kinds of judgments. The one prong is known as matters of fact. Matters of fact are known to be true on the basis of experience. They are usually empirically verifiable and contingently true. That is, they vary based on the world. An example of a statement that Hume would classify as a matter of fact is The sun rose today or I exist. The other prong on Humes fork is called relations of ideas. Relations of ideas are known to be true independent of experience. They are self-evidently true. That is, if someone were to deny it as true, then they would be in contradiction. An example of this is All fathers are male. b. Define these 3 kinds of judgments identified by Kant, and give one example of each: a priori analytic, a posteriori synthetic, a priori synthetic. Believing that Humes fork was not fully correct, Kant came up with his three types of judgments. The first of which was the a priori analytic. A priori analytic statements are similar to Humes Relations of Ideas. That is, these statements allow one to gain knowledge without appealing to any particular experience as well as they are not expansive but explicative. In other words, they are self-evidently true and if one is to deny this, they would be in contradiction. An example of this would be A bachelor is an unmarried man. That is, the validity of this statement is tautological. A second type of Kantian judgment is known as a posteriori synthetic. A posteriori synthetic judgments are similar to Humes Matters of Fact. They are a posteriori because they are contingent facts that usually appeal to some particular experience to be known. They are synthetic as they are expansive, as they expand on the subject. An example of this kind of judgment would be Some triangles are isosceles or Ryan is wearing a red hat. Both of these require some experience that would allow for one to determine the truth value of the statements. Another way to think of examples of synthetic a posteriori statements is by thinking of possible worlds. That is, a statement that is synthetic a posteriori would be one that you can imagine a possible world with it without causing a contradiction. An example would be the sun is yellow. Obviously we can agree that in this possible world it is yellow, however, in another possible world, the sun could be bright purple and it would not cause a contr adiction. A third type of Kantian judgment, which Kant adds to correct Hume, is known as synthetic a priori. This doesnt relate to any of Humes fork. As previously mentioned, it says a synthetic statement as it is expansive and its a priori they can be known without experience. It seems difficult to understand, yet this is what Kant brings in order to allow for metaphysics and even pure mathematics. An example of a synthetic a priori statement would be Every event has a cause. This is a synthetic a priori as we know it is true without having to experience it, but it is synthetic as it is expansive and not explicative. c. Briefly, what kind of judgment does Hume take mathematical claims, such as 7+5=12, to be? What kind of judgment does Kant take mathematical claims, such as 7+5=12, to be? Hume and Kant have different views when it comes to mathematical claims, such as 7+5=12. Hume would say that the statement 7+5=12 is a relation of ideas as it is a mathematical claim. That is, he views that if you deny 7 add 5 as the same as 12, you would be in contradiction. That is, 7+5 is defined as being equivalent to 12. Kant would have a differing view when it comes to mathematical claims. Kant would say that 7+5=12 is a synthetic a priori statement. This is because Kant feels that 7+5 does not contain the concept of 12. That is, you can think of the prior without the second, which is what makes Kant feel it is synthetic, but as with most math principles, they are not seen in the world and are considered by Kant to be a part of the laws of nature. Therefore, Kant views them as a priori. d. What is Kants answer to the question: How is pure mathematics possible? Kants answer to the question how is pure mathematics possible is a very long one. In fact, it takes up a large section in his Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics. He does this by explaining his Copernican revolution of space and time. Kant feels that space and time serve as indispensable tools that help arrange and categorize the images of objects imported by our sensory organs. Anything we see or hear would be useless unless our minds have some space and time to make sense of it. Kant, unlike Hume, wants it to be possible for us to have knowledge outside of experience. He writes if intuition must conform to the constitution of the objects, I do not see how we could know anything of the latter a priori. (pg. 516) Yet, Kant feels that pure mathematics is only possible if we allow for a synthetic a priori statement to exist. (pg. 555) That is, a priori intuition would allow for the appearance of objects to be possible to us. Kant feels strongly that pure mathematics is only possible because we can have intuitions of space and time as phenomena. Phenomena are things as they appear to us given how our thought and sense perception work. However, it is important to note that Kant feels that pure mathematical propositions are not just creations of the imagination, but they do exist in space and time. (pg. 557-8) This is very important to Kant as it is one of his huge additions to Humes Fork which eliminated metaphysical claims and even math and science to an extent. 3. Knowledge of Nature a. Briefly, what does Kant mean by the term experience? Kant uses many terms that require special definitions. One such term is experience. Experience to Kant is the combination of an intuition with a concept in the form of judgment. In other words, it requires concepts that allow us to express a necessary and universal synthesis of intuitions. They describe the synthesis of intuitions in consciousness in general. b. Briefly, how do judgments of experience differ from judgments of perception? Judgments of perception are only subjectively valid. That is, they hold good only for us as individuals as they narrate how things appear to us as individuals. In other words, they describe the synthesis of intuitions in ones own consciousness. An example of a judgment of perception is The tower looks small to me or I feel the warm stone, then I see the sun shining on it. A judgment of experience is one that is about, or directed to objects of experience. An object of experience requires concepts that allow us to express necessary and universal synthesis of intuitions. In other words, it describes the synthesis of intuitions in consciousness. That is, they describe how we view the world is in general. An example of a judgment of experience would be nature is the existence of things so far as it is determined according to universal laws. It is a truth which is not subjectively qualified unlike a judgment of perception. c. Why does Kant think that we can know a priori that All events have a cause? Kant thinks that we can know a priori that all events have a cause. An a priori statement is one that is true in terms of its meaning alone. In other words, the statement all events have a cause is a fact upon which experience depends. Kant felt that the antithesis, no event has a cause would not produce a contradictory or meaningless statement, proving that it is synthetic. And the original statement, all events have a cause is a priori as Kant felt it can be known without the need of experience. Kant wrote that the principles of possible experience are then at the same time universal laws of nature, which can be known a priori. (pg. 565) In other words, Kant felt that all events have a cause would be considered a universal law of nature which are known a priori. d. Give an example of a metaphysical claim that Kant thinks we are NOT entitled to make. Why would he think we are not entitled to make that metaphysical claim? A metaphysical claim that Kant thinks we are not entitled to make would be the soul is immortal. He feels this is because metaphysical claims are illegitimate when they use a priori concepts beyond the bounds of any possible experience. Kant writes examples can only be borrowed from some possible experience, and consequently the objects of these concepts can be found nowhere but in a possible experience. In other words, Kant writes that you cannot make a claim such as the soul is immortal without relating it to some possible experience and thus taking away the a priori concept.

William Shakespeares Authenticity Essay -- Shakespeare Playwright bio

William Shakespeare's Authenticity Over the past several centuries, many scholars have been debating the authenticity of Shakespeare and his works. Many books have even been published questioning if the legendary playwright from Stratford is the author of his many plays and poems. This theory still remains as a possibility today and much of the evidence stems from Shakespeare’s great literary achievements, his humble beginnings, his inadequate education and the missing chapters in his life. Throughout his writings, there is evidence of similarities between the language and literature of the time period with subjects such as law, history, politics and geography as well as manners and knowledge of the courts which would not have been known by a common citizen or the son of a tradesman. The range of knowledge which he displays would only be expected of a man of extensive education during the time period that was familiar with the royal figures that are depicted in his works. The insufficient records have added even more mystery as none of the original manuscripts have survived and were possibly destroyed to conceal the identity of the actual author. Although Shakespeare is considered by many to be the greatest playwright of all time, much speculation surrounds his authenticity through theories based on linguistic and historical problems as well as criticism. Since the four centuries that have passed since Shakespeare’s times, several theories have been developed which claim that others may be the legitimate authors of his works. The playwrights usually focused on are Francis Bacon, Edward de Vere, William Stanley, Roger Manners and Christopher Marlowe. Other theories support the fact that perhaps sev... ...e’s works which allow for authentic spectacle and realism with all of the available modern theatre techniques at their disposal. These presentations have led to different forms of media such as opera, ballet, sound recordings, television and movies. Even musicals have been created with "The Taming of the Shrew" acting as the inspiration for "Kiss Me Kate" while "Macbeth" acted as the inspiration for a political satire called "Macbird!" In "Hamlet" it is said that the reason for theatre performance is to â€Å"hold the mirror up to nature.† To most, this is exactly what Shakespeare has done with the lasting impressions left by his works from their first productions to the latest versions. While Shakespeare’s influence is undeniable, many factors still question his genius and intellect as a legitimate author that still fascinates literary enthusiasts today.

Poes Fall of The House of Usher - The House and its Inhabitants :: Fall House Usher Essays

The House and its Inhabitants In the story â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher†, Poe presents the history of the end of an illustrious family.   As with many of Poe’s stories, setting and mood contribute greatly to the overall tale.   Poe’s descriptions of the house itself as well as the inhabitants thereof invoke in the reader a feeling of gloom and terror.   This can best be seen first by considering Poe’s description of the house and then comparing it to his description of its inhabitants, Roderick and Madeline Usher. Poe uses several descriptive words in his portrayal of the house.   The reader’s first impression of the house comes from a direct observation from the narrator.   This unnamed narrator states, â€Å"†¦ with the first glimpse of the building, a sense of insufferable gloom pervaded my spirit.†Ã‚   As the narrator continues to describe the house he uses several similarly dismal adjectives.  Ã‚  Ã‚   The gloom experienced by the narrator is not limited to merely the house itself.   The vegetation, which surrounds the area, is described as â€Å"a few rank sedges and †¦ a few white trunks of decayed trees.†Ã‚   He emphasizes these facets of the house and its environs by restating the descriptions reflected in a â€Å"black and lurid tarn.†Ã‚   The narrator points out that the house seems to be in a dilapidated condition.   While he claims that the house appears structurally sound, he takes time to comment upon â€Å"the crumbling condition of the individual stones.†Ã‚   He also emphasizes the long history of the house by stating that its features recall an â€Å"excessive antiquity.† To of the most striking descriptions used to portray the house are those of the windows and the fissure.   He describes the windows as â€Å"vacant [and] eye-like.†Ã‚   With this description the narrator effectively anthropomorphizes the house.   Thus he almost gives the status of character to the house.   The other outstanding description is that of the fissure.   It is described as â€Å"a barely perceptible fissure, which [extends] from the roof of the building in front, [making] its way down the wall in a zigzag direction, until it [becomes] lost in the sullen waters of the tarn.†Ã‚  Ã‚   It is interesting to note that the narrator spends so much time describing a feature that he describes as barely perceptible. The first of the two Ushers to be introduced to the reader is Roderick.   He is first seen lying upon a couch.

Uniforms of the British Army 1812-1815 :: Military Uniform Clothing

Uniforms of the British Army 1812-1815 Major General of Infantry Since my character was Major O'Dowd I decided to do my presentation on the uniforms not only of the Major, but also the men that were in his regiment including Captain Dobbin, George Osbourne and Captain Rawdon. When Major O'Dowd headed off for the Battle of Waterloo outside of Brussels he was most likely outfitted in something along these lines; a Red jacket lined with white. It had a royal blue collar patch and cuffs, golden buttons, shoulder epaulettes, shoulder cords, trimming and piping. He wore a black stock and white collar band with white enamel crossed with a red center. This same cross on the collar band would also be found on his breast. Next came a crimson sash, white waist belt and slings. A gentleman of his position would wear white gloves, gray trousers with a golden side stripe and black shoes. Major O'Dowd would have carried a steel sword and a scabbard with mother of pearls embedded in the grip, a golden guard and a sword knot. He wore a black cocked hat with silver lace, golden tassels and a white and red plume. This was noted as the correct outfit for a major general of infantry. This link will also show you an exact replica of an 1812 ' 1815 'Waterloo' Shako Plate. Please make reference to the codes, charts and tables that I have handed out to determine exactly what each regiment including the cavalry, dragoon guards, hussars, staff, footmen and engineers wore (Smith). Soldiers and Officers of the Guards This costume would most likely have been more customary for our younger men to wear, I.E. Captain Dobbin, George and Captain/Colonel Rawdon. This link is the closest I can find to what the uniform might have looked like, but it is not perfect. This uniform is more precisely defined as having a black cocked hat with a black cockade, golden border lace, tassels loop and button and white plume with crimson base. The jacket was scarlet with white lining, collar, lapels and cuffs; golden lace and buttons. They wore a white stock, breeches, gaiters and gloves, a crimson sash, black shoes and a black sword scabbard with a golden point. The colors (royal colors) have a brown staff with a golden spearhead. The colors properly are the Union, having golden trimming and writing in the center and on the arms of the cross. Uniforms of the British Army 1812-1815 :: Military Uniform Clothing Uniforms of the British Army 1812-1815 Major General of Infantry Since my character was Major O'Dowd I decided to do my presentation on the uniforms not only of the Major, but also the men that were in his regiment including Captain Dobbin, George Osbourne and Captain Rawdon. When Major O'Dowd headed off for the Battle of Waterloo outside of Brussels he was most likely outfitted in something along these lines; a Red jacket lined with white. It had a royal blue collar patch and cuffs, golden buttons, shoulder epaulettes, shoulder cords, trimming and piping. He wore a black stock and white collar band with white enamel crossed with a red center. This same cross on the collar band would also be found on his breast. Next came a crimson sash, white waist belt and slings. A gentleman of his position would wear white gloves, gray trousers with a golden side stripe and black shoes. Major O'Dowd would have carried a steel sword and a scabbard with mother of pearls embedded in the grip, a golden guard and a sword knot. He wore a black cocked hat with silver lace, golden tassels and a white and red plume. This was noted as the correct outfit for a major general of infantry. This link will also show you an exact replica of an 1812 ' 1815 'Waterloo' Shako Plate. Please make reference to the codes, charts and tables that I have handed out to determine exactly what each regiment including the cavalry, dragoon guards, hussars, staff, footmen and engineers wore (Smith). Soldiers and Officers of the Guards This costume would most likely have been more customary for our younger men to wear, I.E. Captain Dobbin, George and Captain/Colonel Rawdon. This link is the closest I can find to what the uniform might have looked like, but it is not perfect. This uniform is more precisely defined as having a black cocked hat with a black cockade, golden border lace, tassels loop and button and white plume with crimson base. The jacket was scarlet with white lining, collar, lapels and cuffs; golden lace and buttons. They wore a white stock, breeches, gaiters and gloves, a crimson sash, black shoes and a black sword scabbard with a golden point. The colors (royal colors) have a brown staff with a golden spearhead. The colors properly are the Union, having golden trimming and writing in the center and on the arms of the cross.

Immigration Issues in the United States of America Essay

The United States of America (U.S.A) is a country that was founded on immigration. If a surplus of European immigrants would not have made the transatlantic voyage to America, the U.S.A. would more than likely be nonexistent. For centuries foreigners have been flocking to American soil, in search of a fresh start in a safe location. With so much turmoil and hostility going on in varied countries around the world, more foreigners are attempting to immigrate onto American soil. Now that the total population is rising significantly due to immigrants, a plethora of United States citizens are becoming outraged. If only American citizens would open their eyes to reality, they would discover that immigrants are actually benefiting the United States. Once they immigrate, a large percentage of foreigners do everything they can to be successful. Immigrants benefit the country by starting businesses, working jobs the typical American refuses to work, and bringing cultural diversity to the count ry. Some skeptics believe that foreigners are taking their jobs and raising the crime rate, but they those are wrong allegations. Immigration of foreigners into the U.S.A positively benefits the country in countless ways, instead of negatively affecting it. The economy of the United States of America has had its ups and downs over the course of its existence as a country. Innumerable amounts of people across the globe dream about someday moving to the United States and living out the â€Å"American Dream.† For the lucky foreigners that actually succeed in immigrating to the United States(U.S.)., many of them wish to start up their own businesses. â€Å"In 2008, immigrants represented about 17 percent of all new business owners in the U.S., according to The Washington Post. By 2011, immigrants were creating 28 percent of all new businesses, CNN reports†(Immigration Helps US City Economies and Labor Markets, S&P Says.†). When immigrants come into the U.S., they search for whatever jobs they can get, so that they may support themselves or their families. Many of the jobs available to these immigrants are low-wage jobs, and with such a low income, it becomes hard to support a whole family. That is why a decent percentage of immigrants are starting their own businesses. Once the immigrant decides to be an entrepreneur, their potential profitability sky rockets, because the success of their business could be exponential. Who would choose a minimum wage job over a high paying business venture? Sure there is a chance that the new business could fail, but that is a chance that these hard working individuals are willing to take. These immigrants came to the United States to have a better life, and they will stop at nothing to make sure all their efforts will not be thwarted. â€Å"And as of 2008, immigrant-owned businesses were generating about $67 billion of the country’s annual $577 billion in business income†( Immigration Helps US City Economies and Labor Markets, S&P Says.†). As far as statistics go, it looks as if these foreign entrepreneurs are succeeding. Other areas of the United States economy rely on immigrants. The agricultural economy of the U.S. relies on immigrants to harvest their crops. If not enough foreigners are allowed into the country, farmers will lose vast sums of money, because their crops will not be harvested in time. â€Å"With the harvest season in full bloom, stringent immigration laws have forced waves of undocumented immigrants to flee certain states for more-hospitable areas. In their wake, thousands of acres of crops have been left to rot in the fields, as farmers have struggled to compensate for labor shortages with domestic help†( Bitter Harvest: U.S. Farmers Blame Billion-Dollar Losses on Immigration Laws). Recently with increased border security, fewer immigrants are being let in to the United States, and it has been taking a toll on the agricultural community. Farmers are desperate to get as many migrant workers that they can every harvest season. Now that there significantly less immigrants being allowed into the country, farmers crops are dying before the y can harvest them. Immigration is essential to the success of American farmers, because the common American is not willing to do the difficult labor that the migrant workers perform for the farmers. Immigrants are coming into the U.S. and are actually helping American citizens receive more capital for the jobs they are performing. Some Americans believe that immigrants are a nuisance to the country, and that they do nothing but hurt it. They are very wrong to assume this, because immigrants are actually enabling Americans to profit more for the jobs they are performing. â€Å"This implies that total immigration to the United States from 1990 to 2007 was associated with a 6.6% to 9.9% increase in real income per worker. That equals an increase of about $5,100 in the yearly income of the average U.S. worker in constant 2005 dollars†( FRBSF Economic Letter: The Effect of Immigrants on U.S. Employment and Productivity). This statistic is astounding. Not enough U.S. citizens believe that immigrants are essential to the prosperity of the United States. Immigrants are not only opening up more job opportunities for the American public, but they are also helping them to earn a reasonable increase of income. Without these immigrants, the minimum wage would more than likely take longer to increase over time. The demand for consumer goods is always fluctuating. The American public loves to spend the money they earn. With recent problems in the economy, such as the recession, people are spending less money on consumer goods. Immigrants are essential to the purchasing of consumer goods, because they make up a large portion of the United States population now. â€Å"The Immigration Policy Center estimates that the purchasing power of Latinos and Asians, many of whom are immigrants, alone will reach $1.5 trillion and $775 billion, respectively, by 2015†( The White House Blog). With the amount of immigrants increasing as such a rate, they have now become some of the top buyers of consumer goods in the country. The money that they earn working hard at their differing jobs, they go out and spend on American goods. This in turn helps the economy in the country exponentially, because without them, the population in the U.S. would be significantly less; therefore there would be a substantial loss in the profitability of consumer goods. Also, the immigrants coming into the country help support local buying of goods. No longer can they buy the goods that they once did in their home countries, so they are now supporting the economy of the United States more than ever before. A common misconception of foreigners is that they are taking jobs from American citizens when they immigrate into the country. â€Å"Illegal aliens come to the United States to take jobs that offer them greater opportunity, and they are often welcomed by U.S. employers who are able to hire them for wages lower than they would have to pay to hire U.S. workers†(Passel). The individuals who believe this fallacy could not be more wrong. The truth is, immigrants are benefiting the U.S. economy more than ever. â€Å"Meanwhile, the research has found that immigrants – including the poor, uneducated ones coming from south of the border — have a big positive impact on the economy over the long run, bolstering the profitability of American firms, reducing the prices of some products and services by providing employers with a new labor source and creating more opportunities for investment and jobs†( Immigration and American Jobs). These immigrants came to the U.S. to escape the rough cultures in which they grew up. They only hoped to start a better life in the United States, and do better for themselves. Not only are they now making more money than they would have in their country of origin, but they are also helping to stimulate the nation’s economy considerably. The immigrant work force has benefited the citizens of the U.S. to a degree that has never happened before. While some Americans despise the fact that a plethora of new foreigners are â€Å"taking over† their county, countless others are extremely thankful for all that the immigrants have done for the U.S. Foreigners are skilled in a wide variety of talents. Technology is key in the prosperity of a countries economy. With a surplus of new foreigners in the Unites States, more and more inventions are being constructed by these individuals. â€Å"According to a survey by the National Foundation for American Policy, immigrants have started nearly half of the top 50 venture-funded companies. Software, semiconductors, and biotechnology are the most common venture-backed startup firms started by immigrants†( Nowrasteh). Many of the immigrants that come to the United States of America, are coming from China and the Middle east. These populations of people grew up on the principle of working very hard and staying focused. Now that these foreigners are able to use more advanced technology, they are able to use their talents to their full abilities. Where they once did not have access to the most advanced technology available to mankind, they are now coming to the U.S. and experiencing all that a technologically savvy country has to offer. Crime has become quite the hot topic when it comes to immigrants. American citizens believe that the surplus of immigrants into the country has caused the crime rate to noticeably increase, but this is just another myth. â€Å"In El Paso, Texas violent crime down 36 percent – it sits right across from Juarez, Mexico, one of the deadliest cities on earth. In Phoenix major crime has dropped 10 percent from 2000 to 2009†( Does Illegal Immigration Lead to More Crime?). Just because many immigrants do not have the money, at first, to move into wealthy American communities, people in the U.S. believe that they are criminals. How many people get nervous when they drive through a rough part of town? Well these â€Å"rough† parts of town are where most of these immigrants live when they first come to the country, because they previously spent most of the money they had on moving to America. Crime and immigration are two terms that do not go hand in hand. A very large perc entage of the immigrants coming to America are doing nothing but trying to prosper and live the life that they always wanted to have. Immigration is something that will benefit the Unites States of America in the long run, because it helps to create a very diverse nation. â€Å"The fact that people want to come to the US enhances its appeal. Likewise, because the presence of many cultures creates avenues of connection with other countries, it helps to broaden Americans’ attitudes and views of the world in an era of globalization†( Immigrants Will Strengthen US Power). Once these immigrants come to the United States, they usually have family back in their home country, or connections with businesses. Now that they live in the U.S. they are able to make long lasting connections between their current businesses and their previous businesses. Not only are these immigrants connecting ties back to their home countries, but they are making the United States a more culturally diverse nation. Since the founding of the United States of America, people have been trying to move onto its soil to have a better life , and now they finally can live it. The United States of America has been profiting from immigration since its founding day. Now that there are a wide variety of foreigners in the U.S., the possibilities for economic growth are endless. Immigrants are so essential to the prosperity of the country. Even though there are a plethora of misconceptions of foreigners, they are doing everything they can to prosper in this nation. They start businesses, raise the income for American citizens, and do countless other things to better the nation. Immigration is the future. Works Cited â€Å"Bitter Harvest: U.S. Farmers Blame Billion-Dollar Losses on Immigration Laws.† Business Money Bitter Harvest US Farmers Blame BillionDollar Losses on Immigration Laws Comments. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Dec. 2012. â€Å"Does Illegal Immigration Lead to More Crime?† CBSNews. CBS Interactive, 23 July 2010. Web. 13 Dec. 2012. â€Å"FRBSF Economic Letter: The Effect of Immigrants on U.S. Employment and Productivity (2010-26, 8/30/2010).† FRBSF Economic Letter: The Effect of Immigrants on U.S. Employment and Productivity (2010-26, 8/30/2010). N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Dec. 2012. â€Å"Immigrants Will Strengthen US Power.† South China Morning Post. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Dec. 2012. â€Å"Immigration and American Jobs.† Economix Immigration and American Jobs Comments. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Dec. 2012. â€Å"Immigration Helps US City Economies and Labor Markets, S&P Says.† Fox News Latino. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Dec. 2012. Nowrasteh, Alex. â€Å"Immigrants Help Fuel Te ch Growth.† The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 19 Jan. 2012. Web. 13 Dec. 2012. Passel, Jeffery S., and Cohn D’Vera. â€Å"Illegal Aliens Taking U.S Jobs (2011).† Fedoration For American Immigration Reform. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Dec. 2012. â€Å"The White House Blog.† Ten Ways Immigrants Help Build and Strengthen Our Economy. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Dec. 2012.

Archaeological sites in the landscape

What atomic number 18 the caput methods used to detect archaeologic localizes in the comescape? Critic every(prenominal)y assess the pros and cons of the methods you s incessantlyalise utilizing relevant lessons.The archeologist uses a field of techniques to flirtively detect and turn up archeological sites within the landscape these methods ar non-invasive and non-destructive and autumn into four wide classs* Desk covert Surveys Surface Surveys* Geophysical and Geo chemical substance studies Aerial Surveys ( appropriate et Al, 2002. p5 ) .In add-on to these, some sites may be discover by opport building blocky, for illustration when quarrying, dredging and peat film editing or and out in paseo in the landscape. These wide classs all complement apiece opposite and the closely relevant methods in each instance result count on the terrain of the artless being investigated and the resources and trim back available for probe. Besides, the inquiries being asked and the grade of virtue required will h gray an consequence on how these techniques be used ( Greene. 1991. p54 ) .Desk blanket SurveysThe desk top instruction is office establish and uses bing paperss such(prenominal) as maps, historical paperss, onetime(a) archeological records, images and literature, all of which kindle all tack on intimations and mentions to archeological sites. Maps muckle be used to turn up sites, and argon among the most(prenominal) basic resources available to the archeologist. azoic sixteenth atomic number 6 maps argon non ever to scale entirely groundwork be really utilitarian, Ordnance Survey started printing maps in the early nineteenth century and, by analyzing a sequence of maps of an country, often clock tail be learnt from the alterations in utilisation of the land and edifices. ( deed over et Al, 2002. p8 ) . Old bill maps and terriers, normally shew amongst the do workss and documents associating to the ownership and warines s of estates and belongingss, may offer penetration almost forgotten sites ( Barker, 1993 ) . Although the bulk of early records direct non survived, in that location is still a innocent(p)handed scope of available which the archeologist may pop off of value. Legal records, including volitions and tribunal records, nookie supply boundaries of ownership and hints to the maps of edifices. The Domesday Book and other revenue enhancement records and tithe awards fucking place the economic usage and boundaries of land, graphic records such photographs proposes, and engravings, and descriptive histories written in books, journals and travelogues butt joint all be of value. Of odd(p) involvement is the work of William Stukeley ( 1687 1785 ) , an accurate and attentive recording equipment who travel guide extensively end-to-end Britain, and William Camden ( 1551 1623 ) , whose thorough and elaborate descriptions were published in the first general usher to the antiquities i n Britain, Britannia in 1585 ( Greene pp24 27 ) . These records can be freely found in museums, libraries and mystical solicitations and may offer a r atomic number 18 record of an archeological characteristic. Detailss of any grey-headed archeological diggings, discoveries and old take apart consequences argon all held in local anesthetic SMR and guinea pig NMR offices and can offer cleverness into realistic sites for geographic expedition.There is frequently much truth hidden in the fables and narratives of antiquity and a survey of these may supply a hint to a forgotten or topographic rase. close traditions and myths ar founded on existent parking lotwealth and topographic points which, over clip, can go overdone and incredible. ( Grant et al. 2002. p8 ) . By winnowing the embroidery from these legends the archeologist is frequently left with a helpful factual narration. This is a garish and effectual manner of reaping information, nevertheless it can be clip devouring. During interviews with local occupants in Kythera, Greece a wide coupling of anecdotal information was generated on the usage of the landscape of the island, its forsaking and reuse, and the connexions between nation, slim towns and churches which all helped to put archeological work into context ( Johnson & A Wilson. 2003 ) .The desk top study is of peculiar value where probes are lot of the planning force to de barrierine whether there are likely to be archeological remains which could be lost or threatened as a quite a little of the edifice and development of the land. ( Grant et al 2002. p6 ) . Many historical records are free to entree and can be found in libraries, museums, County Records and Archives Offices, on the cyberspace, at Local and National Sites and Monuments Records offices and in underground aggregations.Surface Surveys.These are ocular studies which seek to happen hints of realizable sites and are carried out, most normally, on pes. A surfac e study can be brassatic or unsystematic, although the most normally used, is a systematic approach shot ( Renfrew & A Bahn. 2008. p78 ) . The intent is to do a study of archeological discoveries within an country to breakthrough if they might indicate to ult human natural process ( Lynch. 2006 ) . A power system is usually laid out on the land to help function and a squad of Walkers go over each country on the grid, entering sites and discoveries. The general record of the types and spread of the artifacts found can give a good legal opinion of the age of a site and its possible old utilizations ( Adkins et al 2008 ) . theaterwalking is an effectual and relatively in big-ticket(prenominal) manner of appraising land and has a critical topographic point in the find of archeological sites. once the discoveries are place and analysed, the informations can excessively countenance to supply information some the day of the month of a site and its possible maps. Consequences are by and vauntingly more dependable where the part is walked repeatedly as a long term underpickings ( Renfrew & A Bahn. 2008. p 79 ) . It does hold some restrictions in that polar fieldwalkers may hold differential types of aggregation across the same sight. Fieldwalking works silk hat on cultivable land, but needs to be carried out at times in the cultivable rhythm when flora is pitiful. ( Grant 2002 ) . Tesserae found during field walking at Rowler Manor in Croughton, no(prenominal)thamptonshire led to the find in 1991 of a roman print Villa along with a Mosaic pavement ( Dawson, 2008 )Geochemical and Geophysical SurveysThe legal action of worlds significantly alters the geochemical piece of music of smut, and the archeologist can utilize chemical testing to find countries of change to the dirt by human activity.The most common geophysical trial is phosphate summary. This chemical is present in most animateness things and the presence of domesticated animate being s, people and workss in a landscape will increase the concentration of phosphates in that landscape. Areas of mellow impregnation of phosphates can so be explored farther to determine the significance of the activity ( Renfrew & A Bahn. 2008. p105 ) . At Plas Gogerddan, Ceredigion in Wales, geochemical analysis was used to find that sepulchres on this primordial Christian Burial site could be identified utilizing phosphate analysis and possible grave sites of farther entombments were recorded ( spud 1992 ) .Geophysical surveying has developed swell up over the last few old ages and is used with bully success in archeological site prospection. There are two chief methods of geophysical surveying, these are electrical resistively and magnetometery ( Bowden 1999. P 120 ) . impedance appraising involves go throughing an electrical present-day(prenominal) through investigation set into the land, and is ground on the ability of sub-surface stuffs to carry on that current, By and large, senior high schooler opposition characteristics such as inhumed walls have a limited wonky content and infilled ditches and cavities which apply wet will give let down readings. ( bring up )The technique is particularly conform to to the find of rock constructions. Its success is unnatural by local geology and besides the conditions conditions. truly dry or really wet conditions, every bit good as fluctuations in the temperature can impact the quality of the consequences as they affect rate of consort of the electric current. The electric fortress equipment is sober to utilize and the study can orchestrate some clip to finish, but this is a cost effectual method of study. mesmerise Fe oxides are present in the dirt and past human activity alters and redistributes these, making stronger and weaker responses which can be detect as magnetic anomalousnesss.It is really movable and good for rapid surveying of land. The consequences produced can be really elaborate and they are really utile for placing inhumed ditches, cavities, kilns and fireplaces. ( Reference )The undersoil of the land can act upon the consequences the most antiphonal dirts being are chalks and limestone. Igneous undersoils are the most thorny to look into with this technique and the consequences on carcass dirts can be fickle.Electric resistance and magnetometry techniques were used in karstic terrains in County Cork, Ireland, which identified the place of a antecedently unnoticeable cave ( Gibson et al, 2004 ) .A figure of newer techniques including show Penetrating Radar ( GPR ) and Geographic knowledge Systems ( GIS ) are besides available and leaving popular tools for the archeologist. GPR was developed for usage in defense mechanism and technology. It is an expensive procedure and is of greatest value where buried sedimentations are close to the surface of the dirt. It has the benefit that it can take readings through tarmac surfaces, and so is utile in urban env ironments ( Grant et al. 2002 ) . GIS is a powerful computerised function system with the ability to analyze quantitative informations, which is utile for plotting spreads of discoveries and trial hypothesis. GIS was efficaciously used at Tel Shiqmona, Israel, to carry on coastal and ocean studies and to measure the potency of Maritime occupation with the Phoenicians ( Breman. 2003 )Aerial SurveiesThe usage of aerial picture taking was pioneered by O G S Crawford, an Archaeologist and Observer in the regal Flying Corps during Word contend 1. Crop Markss, dirt Markss and suggestion Markss all cause forms which can be discover from the air. Most aerial exposure for archaeology usage are taken at an oblique angle which give smash positions of a site, although they do falsify the position. It is of bit to include a landmark in the exposure in order to supply a fixed point for use a site ( Riley 1982 ) .Aerial Photograph of warp Laithe Settlement, Linton, Yorkshire.This techni que is most effectual on cultivable land and highland countries, least effectual on to a great accomplishment ploughed land and ineffectual on to a great extent built up countries and land with plastic covering over harvests. Aerial picture taking is valuable to the archeologist and an huge figure of archeological finds have been do utilizing this method ( Riley, 1982 ) . In a study in Augacatel, Mexico, where heavy jungle proscribe the economical usage of land studies, 25 exposure were taken uncovering up to 63 possible adult young-begetting(prenominal) made constructions ( Matheny, 1962 )The conditions conditions are of import and exposures are dress hat taken when the Sun is low in the sky ( early morning time or eventide ) on a clear twenty-four hours, as the shadow Markss will demo up best under these conditions ( Adkins 2002 ) . The costs of winging are expensive, but since the equipment and movie are relatively inexpensive and big distances may be covered in one fligh t, this is an effectual and great technique to use in archeological prospection.In add-on to these techniques, some sites are discovered rather by opportunity. In 1985, a husbandman found a figure of castanetss and a little unit of ammunition precede object on a sandbank in Orkney. After demoing his discoveries to an archeologist, this lead to the find of a Viking boat entombment ( Towrie 2010 ) . Whilst delving a well, some provincials unearthed fragments of terracotta, which lead to the find of arguably, one of the most dramatic finds of the 20th century, The Terracotta Army of Qin Shi Huang in China ( Tianchou 1996 ) .The high cost of archeological diggings pissed that it is of import for the archeologist to cognize where to comprehend in order to avoid expensive errors. The techniques outlined above all assist the archeologist in the find of sites in the landscape, so that future diggings can be carried out in the most cost and clip effectual mode.It is erratic how much ca n be revealed near a site without digging ( Greene 1991. P 42 ) .MentionsAdkins, R & A L and Leitch, V. 2008. The Handbook of British Archaeology ( rewrite edition ) . London. Constable & A Robinson Ltd.Barker, Philip. 1993. Techniques of archaeologic Excavation. 3rd Edition. London. B.T. Batsford Ltd.Bowden, Mark ( Ed. ) . 1999. Unraveling the Landscape. An Inquisitive accession to Archaeology. Stroud. Tempus Printing Ltd.Breman, J. Journal of GIS in Archaeology. brashness I. APRIL, 2003. Marine Archaeology goes Underwater with GIS.Dawson, M. 2008. Northamptonshire Archaeology. Vol 35 2008. Excavation of the Roman Villa and Mosaic at Rowler Manor, Croughton, Northamptonshire p 45 93Gibson, P.J. Lyle P. , & A George D.M. Aug 2004 Journal of Cave and Karst Studies, v. 66, no. 2, p. 35-38. finishing of electric resistance and magnetometry geophysical techniques for near-surface probes in karstic terrains in Ireland.Grant, J. Gorin, S. & A Fleming, N. 2002 The Archaeology C oursebook. London, RoutledgeGreene, Kevin, 1991. Archaeology. An knowledgeableness ( Revised Edition ) . London, B T Batsford Ltd.Johnson, I & A Wilson, A. Journal of GIS in Archaeology. Volume I. APRIL, 2003. Making the Most of Maps Field Survey on the Island of KytheraLynch, Tim. Nov 2006, British hereditary pattern Vol. 27 Issue 5, p52-54, 3pMatheny, R.T. American Antiquity, Vol. 28, No. 2 ( Oct. , 1962 ) , pp. 226-230. Value of Aerial photography in Surveying archeologic Sites in Coastal Jungle RegionsPublished by Society for American Archaeology Murphy, K. ( 1992 ) Archaeological Journal, Vol 149, pp. 1-38.Renfrew, C & A Bahn, P. 2008. Archeology Theories, Methods and Practice. ( fifth Edition ) . London, Thames and Hudson Ltd.Riley, D.N. 1982. Aerial Archaeology in Britain. Aylesbury, Shire Publications Limited.Tianchou, Fu ( ed. ) 1996. The Belowground Army of emperor moth Qin Shi Huang. Beijung. New World PressTowrie, Sigurd 2010. The Orkney Jar. hypertext graft proto col //www.orkneyjar.com/history/scarboat/index.html accessed 8th March2010

Perception and reality of technology

Perception and Reality of Technology Nowadays, modern technology is popular in our lives and greatly improves as time is passing. Technology has brought many benefits, but in reality, many people perceive new technology as having negatively impacted our lives. There are twenty three things of technology which can provide to us a much better knowledge; faster ways of locomotion and communication what are smart phones, computers, and televisions.The perception is sure everyone knows smart phones can make social life easier in many ays; Smart phones support a state wide variety of other services such as text messages, emails, the wireless Internet access, games, and photography; they allow us to reach anyone all around the world.Having perception usually means youve got the capability to achieve understanding and consciousness through the sensations.Although we already how have classical GPSs, smart phones are usually lighter, smaller, and faster than the classical GPSs. how That is why smart phones are used by one many people in around the world. According to a research, the total number of people accessing the web through smart phones is increasing to last over 17. 4% of worldwide internet usage (Fox).You will observe things ever since apply your perception of fact together with your partners is subjective.

Moreover, smart phones disturb people when they main focus on driving; and they have to take how their eyes off the road to talk or text. It is very risky and dangerous to everyone in and around the car. According to a report in 2009 in he U.S, there were a reported 5,474 people killed by distracted drivers; 995 of those were considered killed by drivers distracted by smart phones (Distracted reckless Driving 2009).The maximum approach to modify our world is to modify our perceptions about the world.Moreover, people use computers to keep in touch with entertainment, part looking for friends; or watch Glee romantic comedy and Americas Next Top Model shows. On the other hand, in reality, people sometimes abuse computers. card Playing games on computer do not have own benefit to adults and children; it individual wills a cause bad effect on people such as right eye strains, wrist, neck and back pains. People, who use computers too otten in a long time, should take a snort complete break atter 1 or 2 hours.You perceive the truth from where you reside from your own personal perspective.

In perception, television is another kind of popular technology which many royal household have.They can be operated either by battery or electronics. Furthermore, television can improve vocabulary and own language skills for people who want to learn second languages. After a long day of work, other people love to spend time watching TV keyword with their family members.Could be a reflection of the fact, or it may be distorted.Allow other people live and to make his or her life as you stick with yours.But controlled your life is, its never the identical day.

Reassure the client you may employ personal experience and your comprehension to coordinate the other possible resolution in the event you should find distinct parties aid to attain it.Your mind can only concentrate on a new single thing at one time.The logical mind is essential.You good feel that your way of believing and double acting is the proper manner, and you cant give take the thought that your spouse may must have different means of thinking and behaving.

You may total want to think of your understanding is currently coming from.Perception late may really make a difference in failure or success.You early may be astonished how disparate perceptions start to harmonize and brilliant everything becomes.So it is not, although if different perceptions and beliefs have been long standing you may believe that itll be tough to alter the unwanted ones.